Carbon Fibre Electrical Conductivity: Advancing Self-Sensing Cement for Smarter Transport Infrastructure

Author(s)

Yao Yao, Yunsheng Xu, Jianhui Li, Jianzhong Wei, Jianming Yang,

Abstract

The advancement of carbon fibre electrical conductivity in cement composites is reshaping transport infrastructure by enabling self-sensing capabilities. Self-sensing cement, enhanced with carbon-based nanomaterials, can detect structural stress and strain in real time, significantly improving safety and durability.

At the core of this innovation lies the electrical conductivity of carbon fibres, which form a conductive network when dispersed in the cement matrix. As mechanical stress alters the composite’s structure, changes in electrical resistance occur, providing measurable data for structural health monitoring. This property is particularly valuable for critical infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, and pavements, where early detection of damage can prevent costly failures.

Among the most effective enhancements, Nanocarbon-Enhanced Cement Composites utilise carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibres (CNFs). These materials significantly boost mechanical strength and conductivity, enhancing the self-sensing efficiency of the cement. However, achieving uniform dispersion of carbon fibres and nanomaterials remains a challenge. To maximise performance, advanced techniques such as sonication and surfactant-assisted dispersion are employed, ensuring an even distribution within the cement paste.

Studies show that introducing short carbon fibres, typically at concentrations around 0.5% by weight, improves both the mechanical integrity and conductivity of cementitious composites. The effectiveness of conductive cement depends on optimising the balance between material composition and dispersion techniques.

Beyond sensing capabilities, carbon fibre electrical conductivity in cement offers broader applications, including electromagnetic shielding and de-icing functionalities. This makes nanocarbon-enhanced composites highly suitable for smart infrastructure solutions in extreme environmental conditions.

As research advances, optimising the integration of carbon-based nanomaterials in cement composites will further refine their self-sensing performance. The potential of self-sensing cement in transport infrastructure is immense, offering a future where structural health monitoring becomes an integral part of modern construction.

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