Optimizing the Topology of Concrete 3D Printed Builds

Brief 

A team of engineers from RMIT University and the Hebei University of Technology have collaborated on a method of using self-supporting models to improve the properties of concrete 3D-printed builds. “The integration between concrete 3D printing (3DCP) and topology optimization enables the fabrication of structurally efficient components without expensive formwork and intensive labor,” the team wrote.

Insight

Engineers at RMIT University and the Hebei University of Technology have come up with a novel approach to optimizing the topology of concrete 3D printed builds.

A new take on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization or ‘BESO,’ the team’s process is said to enable the creation of unique self-supporting models, which can then be realized via continuous extrusion. With further R&D, the researchers say their method could allow construction 3D printer users to overcome some of the limitations preventing them from maximizing the technology’s benefits.

“The integration between concrete 3D printing (3DCP) and topology optimization enables the fabrication of structurally-efficient components without expensive formwork and intensive labor,” say the team in their paper. “However, the manufacturing constraints of 3DCP are impeding the integration between the two fields. In our paper, we address various manufacturing constraints of 3DCP within the BESO framework.”

A 3D printing nozzle in the process of constructing a building layer-by-layer. Photo via CyBe Construction.
Opening up topology optimization

Generally, the term ‘topology optimization’ is used to describe a generative design technique in which mathematical formulae are used to distribute material within a given model, in a way that optimizes its geometry. By enabling users to identify areas in which material can be removed without impacting an object’s performance, this process often allows for the iteration of lighter, stronger parts.

In the world of 3D printing, topology optimization has been used for some time now, with the likes of Autodesk and nTopology offering bespoke tools, designed specifically to enhance CAD models.