Author(s)
Hassan Barkat, Artur Bressanelli Teixeira, Carlos Hoffmann Sampaio, and Josep Oliva Moncunill
Abstract
The reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is increasingly recognised as a critical pathway to sustainable development within the construction industry. As the largest global waste stream, CDW represents both a challenge and an opportunity. Recycling practices, supported by advanced processing methods, can reduce landfill dependency, lower the environmental footprint, and reintroduce valuable materials into the construction supply chain.
A significant share of CDW consists of concrete, brick, gypsum, and other building materials. Traditional disposal methods, such as landfilling and incineration, contribute to soil contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and the unnecessary depletion of natural resources. By contrast, reusing CDW as recycled aggregates has the potential to transform waste into a resource. ngWater jiggi, a gravity-based separation process, has shown strong results in removing low-density contaminants such as gypsum and brick, while concentrating high-quality concrete aggregates with purity levels exceeding 99%.
Research highlights that particle density, shape, and bulk density are decisive factors in the effectiveness of CDW recycling. Concrete, with its higher density and lower porosity, stratifies naturally during jigging, separating effectively from lighter contaminants. The resulting recycled aggregates display physical properties comparable to natural aggregates, making them suitable for use in concrete production, including structural applications.
Beyond technical feasibility, the reuse of CDW offers wider environmental and economic benefits. It reduces the carbon footprint of the construction sector, conserves virgin aggregate resources, and aligns with circular economy principles. Moreover, developing reliable CDW processing plants creates opportunities for economic recovery, new business models, and job creation in recycling industries.
Future trends point to scaling laboratory successes into industrial applications. Pilot plants and regulatory alignment will be essential to ensure consistent quality standards. In addition, exploring novel uses for recycled materials—such as in high-performance concrete, ceramic production, or wastewater treatment—could further expand their market value.
Ultimately, adopting robust strategies for CDW reuse strengthens sustainability across the construction sector. By prioritising recycling over disposal, stakeholders can enhance material efficiency, minimise environmental impacts, and contribute to long-term resource security.
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